ADP

Pablo Escobar

Pablo Escobar led the Medellín cocaine cartel, whose members bribed, terrorized and killed Colombian citizens and officials. BBC reporting attributes the November 27, 1989 Avianca bombing, which killed 107 people aboard, to his orders; this attribution is not presented as a conviction.

At a glance

What happened
Escobar's cartel exported cocaine and used bribery and lethal violence against citizens and officials. BBC reporting states that he ordered the bombing of an Avianca aircraft flying from Bogotá toward Cali on November 27, 1989, killing all 107 aboard, including industrial engineer Rafael Mesa, 45. The cartel also assassinated dozens of officials, according to DEA history.
When
The cartel's terror campaign occurred in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Escobar surrendered in June 1991, escaped in July 1992 and was killed December 2, 1993.
Where
Medellín and other locations in Colombia; the cartel supplied overseas cocaine markets. The Avianca aircraft departed Bogotá for Cali.
Why / motive
DEA history describes terror and bribery intended to prevent extradition of Colombian cartel leaders. DEA Museum links violence and corruption to moving and selling drugs.
Outcome
Escobar continued his drug enterprise while imprisoned after his 1991 surrender. Following his 1992 escape, Colombian National Police located and shot him dead while he fled across Medellín rooftops on December 2, 1993.

Who is involved

  • Pablo Escobar — subject

Sources

  1. Pablo Escobar“Paraphrase: Pablo Escobar”
  2. Pablo Escobar“Paraphrase: Pablo Escobar led the Medellín cocaine cartel, whose members bribed, terrorized and killed Colombian citizens and officials. BBC reporting attributes the November 27, 1989 Avianca bombing, which killed 107 people aboard, to his ”
  3. Pablo Escobar“Paraphrase: Escobar's cartel exported cocaine and used bribery and lethal violence against citizens and officials. BBC reporting states that he ordered the bombing of an Avianca aircraft flying from Bogotá toward Cali on November 27, 1989, ”
  4. Pablo Escobar“Paraphrase: The cartel's terror campaign occurred in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Escobar surrendered in June 1991, escaped in July 1992 and was killed December 2, 1993.”
  5. Pablo Escobar“Paraphrase: Medellín and other locations in Colombia; the cartel supplied overseas cocaine markets. The Avianca aircraft departed Bogotá for Cali.”
  6. Pablo Escobar“Paraphrase: DEA history describes terror and bribery intended to prevent extradition of Colombian cartel leaders. DEA Museum links violence and corruption to moving and selling drugs.”
  7. https://museum.dea.gov/museum-collection/collection-spotlight/artifact/pablo-escobar-life-mask“Paraphrase: Escobar continued his drug enterprise while imprisoned after his 1991 surrender. Following his 1992 escape, Colombian National Police located and shot him dead while he fled across Medellín rooftops on December 2, 1993.”
  8. https://www.dea.gov/sites/default/files/2018-07/1990-1994%20p%2067-76.pdf“Paraphrase: Medellin cartel assassinated dozens of government officials.”
  9. https://museum.dea.gov/museum-collection/collection-spotlight/artifact/pablo-escobar-life-mask“Paraphrase: Pablo Escobar led the Medellín Cartel.”
  10. https://museum.dea.gov/museum-collection/collection-spotlight/artifact/pablo-escobar-life-mask“Paraphrase: Cartel members, including Escobar, bribed, terrorized and killed citizens and officials to move and sell drugs.”
  11. https://www.teletica.com/bbc-news-mundo/muerte-de-pablo-escobar-que-se-pudra-en-el-infierno-ese-senor-destruyo-a-mi-familia_211223“Paraphrase: The November27,1989 Avianca bombing, attributed to Escobar's orders, killed107 people.”
  12. https://www.teletica.com/bbc-news-mundo/muerte-de-pablo-escobar-que-se-pudra-en-el-infierno-ese-senor-destruyo-a-mi-familia_211223“Paraphrase: Escobar ordered bombing of Bogotá–Cali Avianca flight November27,1989;107 killed included Rafael Mesa, industrial engineer aged45.”
  13. https://museum.dea.gov/museum-collection/collection-spotlight/artifact/pablo-escobar-life-mask“Paraphrase: Surrender June1991, escape July1992, killed December2,1993.”
  14. https://www.dea.gov/sites/default/files/2018-07/1990-1994%20p%2067-76.pdf“Paraphrase: Late1980s and early1990s cartel violence and anti-extradition terror campaign.”
  15. https://museum.dea.gov/museum-collection/collection-spotlight/artifact/pablo-escobar-life-mask“Paraphrase: Medellín cartel primarily operated from Colombia, exporting cocaine; police killed Escobar in Medellín.”
  16. https://www.teletica.com/bbc-news-mundo/muerte-de-pablo-escobar-que-se-pudra-en-el-infierno-ese-senor-destruyo-a-mi-familia_211223“Paraphrase: Avianca aircraft flew Bogotá toward Cali.”
  17. https://www.dea.gov/sites/default/files/2018-07/1990-1994%20p%2067-76.pdf“Paraphrase: Terror and bribery pressured Colombia to prohibit extradition of Colombian nationals.”
  18. https://museum.dea.gov/museum-collection/collection-spotlight/artifact/pablo-escobar-life-mask“Paraphrase: Violence and corruption enabled moving and selling drugs.”

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